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The South Caucasus is entering a phase of geopolitical recalibration that is both overdue and transformative. For more than three decades, the region was locked in a structural paralysis shaped primarily by the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict. The Karabakh conflict created a logic of fragmentation that dictated political behavior: Armenia’s reliance on Russia hardened, Azerbaijan’s access to…
President Ilham Aliyev’s recent interview with local television channels offers an important analytical lens through which Azerbaijan’s evolving position in the international system can be assessed. Among the most significant elements of the interview is Azerbaijan’s accession to the D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation, a development that reflects not merely a diplomatic achievement, but a…
Although Azerbaijan has long been identified as an oil country, the global shift in energy systems and the growing prominence of the climate agenda have created an opportunity for strategic recalibration. Reducing reliance on hydrocarbon exports and moving toward green energy industries is not merely an environmental necessity; it also represents a form of geopolitical…
President Ilham Aliyev’s recent interviews with domestic television channels provide a conceptual political analysis that unveils the structural logic and institutional character of U.S.–Azerbaijan relations. The President presents the 907th amendment not as an isolated episode or the product of individual relationships, but through the prism of international system mechanisms, the hierarchy of great power…
President Ilham Aliyev’s recent interview with local television channels provides a strategic diagnosis of Azerbaijan’s evolving position within the international system. The core message extends beyond bilateral relations with the United States and highlights the broader political resonance this relationship generates within the European political space. What emerges is a clear illustration of how influence,…
The contemporary system of international relations is experiencing its most severe period of turbulence in recent decades. The mechanisms of international law that took shape in the post–Cold War era and once provided a degree of stability are no longer capable of managing emerging crises. Escalating confrontation among global power centers, the expanding geography of…
Iran’s humiliating military setbacks during the twelve-day war, compounded by deepening economic strain under the renewed maximum-pressure campaign, have forced an internal reckoning in Tehran over the country’s domestic social contract and its regional posture. The debate is no longer confined to how Iran should absorb external pressure, but whether the political and economic foundations…
As the first quarter of the 21st century draws to a close, Azerbaijan, under the leadership of President Ilham Aliyev, is completing its transformation from a regional power hub into a global actor. For the country, 2025 marks a critical juncture, defined not only by domestic development goals but also by the consolidation of its…
The year 2025 marked a period of adjustment and consolidation in Azerbaijan’s foreign policy. From its immediate vicinity to neighboring regions, Baku approached its external environment not as a challenge to be reacted to, but as an emerging architecture to be proactively shaped in line with its vital interests. The formalisation of peace with Armenia…
Before the 2020 Karabakh War, the Armenia–Azerbaijan Track 2 diplomacy existed more as an aspiration than a lived reality. Dialogues were episodic, heavily mediated by third parties, geographically distant from the region, and largely disconnected from actual decision-making. Mutual visits were rare to the point of being unthinkable – exceptional and often sensationalized – and…
