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Toward the end of the 19th century, resistance against British colonial rule began to gain momentum in India. This struggle intensified in the early 20th century and ultimately reached its peak after the Second World War, when colonial systems across the globe started to collapse. Two key figures emerged as leaders of this movement: Mahatma…
In recent years, the geopolitical significance of Central Asia has grown considerably, driven by a convergence of factors, including the increasing global demand for alternative trade routes, the recalibration of regional partnerships following the war in Ukraine, and a renewed Western interest in engaging with post-Soviet Eurasia. Most importantly, we are currently witnessing a “Great…
By zooming in on the foreign policy of an individual state one can reach a substantial number of verdicts with regards to the current ‘state of play’ in international affairs. Hungary is a useful example, with the country’s foreign policy agenda showcasing multiple uncomfortable realities which now underpin the system of inter-state relations. The country,…
It is important to emphasize that the OSCE Minsk Group, established in 1992 under the auspices of the OSCE, was intended to assist with the peaceful resolution of the Karabakh conflict. Its co-chairs were the United States, France, and Russia. However, over the course of three decades, the group failed to achieve any tangible results that would…
After restoring its state independence in 1991, the Republic of Azerbaijan entered the international system as a new, sovereign actor. One of the primary objectives during the early years of independence was to formulate an independent, flexible foreign policy strategy grounded in national interests. Given Azerbaijan’s location in a geopolitically complex region, achieving success in…
On April 25th, the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Kaja Kallas, paid a visit to Baku. During her diplomatic engagement, Ms. Kallas conducted bilateral meetings with the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, and subsequently engaged in discussions with the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan. The deliberations encompassed the extant state of…
The awareness of solidarity stands as one of the most crucial elements that unite nations and strengthen states. At its core lie the ideals of unity and cohesion. Today, more than ever, the world is in dire need of solidarity. Wherever it is absent, conflicts, divisions, and the pursuit of personal ambitions prevail. Personal ambitions,…
Introduction Since gaining independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Kazakhstan’s military posture has been defined by strategic dependency on Russia, especially in high politics involving security and defense. While Astana has exercised greater autonomy in economic and diplomatic domains, its military reliance on Moscow remained largely uncontested. However, the Russian invasion of Ukraine in…
Against the backdrop of unprecedented geopolitical and economic transformations, the world is entering an era where the Global South is beginning to play a key role – as a bearer of alternative development models, values of mutual respect, and multipolar cooperation. However, the influence of the countries of the Global South in the international information…
In the grand theater of Eurasian geopolitics, where tectonic plates of influence constantly shift, the image of Chinese President Xi Jinping and Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev standing side-by-side in Beijing’s Great Hall of the People on April 23, 2025, holds particular resonance. Their signing of the “Joint Statement on the Establishment of a Comprehensive Strategic…
