C5+1 Reframing Russia’s Position in Central Asia
Executive Summary: C5+1, the U.S. government’s platform to jointly engage all five Central Asian governments, has transformed from a consultative-level forum to a more operationally oriented framework focusing on economic diversification, connectivity, and critical minerals. The C5+1 shift toward “pragmatic and more deliverable goals” brings new channels for economic and logistical growth via external investment…
